02809nas a2200157   4500008004100000022001500041245006200056210006200118260001200180300001400192490000700206520230000213100002702513700001702540856009402557       2005                        eng d  a0888-8892 00aConservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil0 aConservation of marine and coastal biodiversity in Brazil  c06/2005  a625-631  0 v193 aThe invertebrate benthos, especially the micro- and mesofaunal components, of the Brazilian seas is still poorly known. Relatively few species have been recorded, reflecting the lack of research in this field. The intertidal zone, to depths of about 20 in, has been studied the most, and there the numbers of endemic species are relatively high. The diversity of demersal and pelagic fishes is similar among the major marine regions, and endemism is typically low (<5%) and restricted to reef species. Surveys in southeastern Brazil (depths of up to 2000 in) have recorded more than 1300 species of benthic animals, of which the Porifera, Cnidaria, Sipuncula, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Scaphopoda, Polychaeta, Crustacea, Ophiuroidea, Bryozoa, and Brachiopoda were the most abundant or frequent Excepting the molluscs, decapods (brachiurans), cirripeds, and echinoderms, the faunas of salt marshes, coral reefs, and islands remain poorly known. Marine and estuarine demersal teleosts include 617 species in 26 orders and 118 families. Just over half the species (337) are Perciformes. Overexploitation, for food and by the aquarium fish trade, habitat degradation and destruction, alien species introductions, pernicious tourism, and pollution are the principal threats to Brazil's marine biodiversity. The Minister of the Environment lists 34 threatened and 10 overexploited or at risk of being overexploited benthic species. Fishes officially listed as threatened include 15 species of sharks and rays and 7 teleosts. Another six elasmobranchs and 27 teleosts are currently or potentially being overexploited. Conservation of marine biodiversity in Brazil is still broadly inadequate despite existing legislation and several protected areas. The number and size of marine protected areas are insufficient, and some still lack management plans or have yet to receive the appropriate measures and infrastructure to make them effective. Fisheries administration and management is still precarious and in many areas lacks effective participation of local communities. Major conservation initiatives include the identification of keys areas for biodiversity conservation, surveys, intensified monitoring of fisheries, environmental education, and the creation and improved management of protected areas.1 aAmaral, Antonia, C. Z.1 aJablonski, S  uhttps://bryobr.myspecies.info/content/conservation-marine-and-coastal-biodiversity-brazil03365nas a2200205   4500008004100000022001500041245005900056210005700115260000900172300001000181490000800191520275900199653001202958653001302970653001402983653002402997100002403021700002403045856009003069       2005                        eng d  a1077-8306 00aA new encrusting interstitial marine fauna from Brazil0 anew encrusting interstitial marine fauna from Brazil  c2005  a79-870 v1243 aThis paper reports the second occurrence of a sand-grain encrusting interstitial epifauna dominated by bryozoans and polychaetes at a site thousands of kilometers from the first described occurrence of such a fauna 20 years ago. Such faunas seem to have gone almost unrecorded in the marine ecological literature, but they are potentially geographically widespread and ecologically significant, deserving recognition and further study by benthic ecologists. Although rooted-erect and free-living lunulitiform, bryozoans can be abundant in soft-bottom habitats, the presence of encrusting forms was, until recently, considered to be limited to patches of hard substrata. In 1985 and 1988, a new and seemingly unique habitat for encrusting bryozoans and other organisms on single grains of shell or sand was reported from the coastal waters of Florida, USA. Here we report a second discovery of an interstitial encrusting fauna from the continental shelf off the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. In addition to the cupuladriid Discoporella umbellata, several species of bryozoans (9 cheilostomes, 3 ctenostomes, and 1 cyclostome) were found encrusting on or boring into sand grains from the 4 stations examined. Four species were found exclusively on sand to gravel size grains. The most abundant colonies, with similar to 1300-1500 colonies m(-2), belonged to a new species of Cleidochasma. New species of Trypostega. and Reginella, each with up to 200-300 colonies m(-2), were also discovered. The grain-encrusting bryozoans were characterized by their small size, and by the fact that sexual reproduction was initiated very early in colony growth; brood chambers (for the development of embryos into larvae) occurred in colonies having only a few zooids. Colonies of boring ctenostome and cheilostome bryozoans were even more abundant than those of grain encrusting forms, being present in almost every piece of shell (similar to 5000-5500 colonies m-2). The fauna also included representatives of other groups of encrusting organisms, especially tubeworms (11,000-13,000 tubes m(-2)). Planned work on samples from additional stations on the Sao Paulo shelf will no doubt yield a larger number of species from various taxa and perhaps show some overlap in sand fauna species between the Brazilian and Floridian sites. In addition to the unique species of single grain encrusters, colonies of bryozoan species characteristic of larger subtidal hard substrata were also found on sand or gravel size grains, indicating that an interstitial refuge may be available to some epifaunal taxa and suggesting that this interstitial refuge, which remains almost completely unknown to benthic ecologists, may play a large role in determining distributions of those taxa.10aBryozoa10aepifauna10aSao Paulo10asoft-bottom benthos1 aWinston, Judith, E.1 aMigotto, Alvaro, E.  uhttps://bryobr.myspecies.info/content/new-encrusting-interstitial-marine-fauna-brazil01545nas a2200169   4500008004100000020001800041245010500059210006900164260007400233300001300307490000600320520090300326100002201229700002201251700002101273856008101294       2005                        eng d  a04-1537-293-300aTaxonomy and distribution of Bugula (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata: Anasca) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil0 aTaxonomy and distribution of Bugula Bryozoa Cheilostomata Anasca  aConcepcion, ChilebA.A. Balkema Publishers; Leiden, London etc.c2005  a231-243 0 v13 aSeven species of the cheilostome bryozoan genus Bugula Oken, 1815 have been recorded to it from Brazil. However, this genus is almost unknown in Rio de Janeiro State where only one species has hitherto been recorded, Bugula neritina (Linnaeus, 1758). In this study we investigate the taxonomy and distribution of Bugula in three areas of Rio de Janeiro State: Arraial do Cabo, Guanabara Bay and Sepetiba Bay. Five species of Bugula were identified, including the previously recorded Bugula neritina and four new to the state: B. dentata (Lamouroux, 1816), B. uniserialis Hincks, 1884, B. carvalhoi Marcus, 1949, and B. stolonifera lyland,1960. Bugula dentata is also a new record for Brazil. Four of the five species are cosmopolitan or have disjunct distributions. These are considered to be cryptogenic for Rio de Janeiro State. The fifth species, B. carvalhoi, is endemic to southeastern Brazil.1 aRamalho, Lais, V.1 aMuricy, Guilherme1 aTaylor, Paul, D.  uhttp://www.4shared.com/document/u2RUBVKU/Ramalho2005BryozStud2004_-_tax.html